Sequence 1: Exercises in string processing
- Other than the man page, how could you get a summary of options for the aspell command, displayed one page at a time?
aspell –help | less
- How many files are in the directory /usr/bin?
ls /usr/bin | wc -l
- List the misspelled words in the /usr/share/doc/HTML/index.html file.
aspell list < /usr/share/doc/HTML/index.html
- How many times does each misspelled word appear?
aspell list < /usr/share/doc/HTML/index.html | sort | uniq -c
- Display the /etc/passwd line for any account that starts with the letter g
grep ‘^g’ /etc/passwd
cat /etc/passwd | grep ‘^g’
- Display the number of lines in /etc/passwd
wc -l /etc/passwd
cat /etc/passwd | wc -l
- Display a list of usernames (and no other data) from /etc/passwd
cut -d: -f1 /etc/passwd
- Display the /etc/passwd line for any account that is using the bash shell
grep ‘bash$’ /etc/passwd
- Display the /etc/passwd line for any account that is not using the bash shell
grep -v ‘bash$’ /etc/passwd
- Display a list of files in /etc/ that contain the word root. Display only the filenames and do not print errors
grep -l root /etc/* 2> /dev/null
- Display the shell being used by root, as stored in /etc/passwd.
grep ‘^root:’ /etc/passwd | cut -d: -f7
Sequence 2: diff and patch
1. [student@stationX ~]$ cp /etc/issue ~/issue
vi ~/issue
Welcome to \n (\l)!
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 5
Kernel \r on an \m
[student@stationX ~]$ diff /etc/issue ~/issue
[student@stationX ~]$ diff -u /etc/issue ~/issue > /tmp/issue.patch
[student@stationX ~]$ cat /tmp/issue.patch
+ represents a line that should be added
– represents a line that should be removed
[root@stationX ~]# patch -b /etc/issue /tmp/issue.patch
[student@stationX ~]$ diff -u /etc/issue ~/issue
[root@stationX ~]# restorecon /etc/issue
restore file(s) default SELinux security contexts.
[root@stationX ~]# patch -R /etc/issue /tmp/issue.patch
[root@stationX ~]# cp /etc.issue.org /etc/issue
Sequence 3: Stream editing with regular expressions
vi cats
cat
catalog
concatenate
polecat
Cat
1. sed ‘s/cat/dog/’ cats
dog
dogalog
condogenate
poledog
Cat
2. sed ‘s/^[Cc]at/dog/’ cats
dog
dogalog
concatenate
polecat
dog
3. sed ‘s/^cat$/dog/i’ cats
dog
catalog
concatenate
polecat
dog
[student@stationX ~]$ sed ‘10,35s/cat/dog/’ pets
[student@stationX ~]$ sed ‘/digby/,/duncan/s/cat/dog/’ pets
[student@stationX ~]$ sed -e ‘s/cat/dog/g’ -e ‘s/cow/goat/g’ pets
vi myedits
s/cat/dog/g
s/cow/goat/g
[student@stationX ~]$ sed -f myedits pets